UIng

UIng is yet another Crystal binding for libui-ng or libui-dev.

| Windows | Mac | Linux | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | |

🔶 Installation

Add the dependency to your shard.yml.

dependencies:
  uing:
    github: kojix2/uing

⇩ Downloading Binaries

crystal run download.cr

The libui project does not distribute pre-compiled binaries.
Therefore, this project uses the following sources to obtain binaries:

| OS | Binary Source | | ----------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | MacOS / Linux | Builds from the kojix2/libui-ng repository (pre-build branch) | | Windows | Pre-built binaries distributed with libui-dev |

Windows

• MinGW (mingw-w64-crystal): UCRT / Clang is not supported because libui-dev is built with MinGW64.
• MSVC (x86_64-msvc): Make sure Windows SDK command-line tools are in the PATH.

Open Developer PowerShell for VS 20XX or set the path to the Windows Kits manually.

# Add the path to the Windows Kits
$env:Path += ";C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\bin\10.0.22621.0\x64"

See: https://crystal-lang.org/install/#windows

The default link flag is defined in lib_ui.cr.

🔶 Usage

The Control gallery example uses a high-level API.

crystal build examples/control_gallery.cr
./control_gallery

Basic Example

High level API:

require "../src/uing"

UIng.init

window = UIng::Window.new("hello world", 300, 200, 1)
window.on_closing do
  UIng.quit
  1
end

button = UIng::Button.new("Button")
button.on_clicked do
  UIng.msg_box(window, "Information", "You clicked the button")
  0
end

window.set_child(button)
window.show

UIng.main
UIng.uninit

Middle level API:

require "../src/uing"

UIng.init

window = UIng.new_window("hello world", 300, 200, 1)
UIng.window_on_closing(window) do
  UIng.quit
  1
end

button = UIng.new_button("Button")
UIng.button_on_clicked(button) do
  UIng.msg_box(window, "Information", "You clicked the button")
  0
end

UIng.window_set_child(window, button)
UIng.control_show(window)

UIng.main
UIng.uninit

For more details, see examples.

The middle-level API is reasonably well-implemented, allowing users to access most of libui's functionality. Please start by using this level.

Binding Levels

| Level | Defined in | Example | Description | | ---------------- | --------------------------- | ------------------------------ | ----------------------------- | | Low-Level | src/uing/lib_ui/lib_ui.cr | UIng::LibUI.new_button, etc. | Direct bindings to the libui. | | Middle-Level | src/uing.cr | UIng.button_text, etc. | Handles memory management. | | High-Level | src/uing/*.cr | button.on_clicked { }, etc. | Custom API or macros. |

• At the middle level, memory management tasks such as string deallocation are handled.
• The high-level API implementation is limited; the Control module provides a method_missing macro to handle undefined methods.
  • Methods generated by the MethodMissing macro currently have two limitations in interpreting blocks. (1) Blocks with arguments are not available. (2) The return type is inferred from the code. Therefore, you may need to return Nil if the return value should be void. If you are not sure, you should call the Middle Level API.

Hide Console Window on Windows

MinGW

crystal build examples/basic_window.cr --link-flags "-mwindows"

MSVC

crystal build examples/basic_window.cr --link-flags=/SUBSYSTEM:WINDOWS

Note: The program will crash if you attempt to output to the console.

Static Linking

At present, I have not been able to generate an executable that functions correctly through static linking on any platform. Your contributions are welcome.

🔶 Closures and Their Limitations

Crystal has two types of blocks. One is the block that is inlined at compile time and is mainly used with yield. The other is the captured block. Blocks passed as callbacks to C functions are always captured blocks. However, closures do not work correctly with low-level bindings. When referencing variables outside the block, the program detects the anomaly and terminates immediately (note that this does not throw an exception, and it is different from a segmentation fault). To work around this issue, the mid-level API implements closures using the Box class.

On the other hand, the real problem arises when storing callback functions in the fields of a structure and then passing them to C. In this case, since there is no user data, the closures may not function as expected. There is still no definitive solution for this.

🔶 Development

Additional Rules

• UIng::LibUI is a module dedicated to bindings.
• Use crystal_lib to generate low-level bindings (manual modifications required).
• Passing a Proc to a C function: Official Documentation.

🔶 Windows Compatibility

ComCtl32 Version Issues

• libui-ng's msg_box implementation relies on TaskDialog.
• TaskDialog requires ComCtl32.dll version 6.
• There are other dependencies on version 6 besides TaskDialog.
• The standard ComCtl32 is version 5, so a manifest file is necessary.
• For MSVC the link flag specifies the manuf.
• For MinGW, comctl32.res is generated when download.cr is run.

Debugging

Many unix tools are available on Windows (MinGW).

• gdb can be used for debugging.
• ldd can be used to check dependencies.
• strace can be used to trace system calls.
• objdump can be used to disassemble.

🔶 Contributing

You can contribute to this project by:

• ☑ Forking this repository
• ☑ Reporting bugs
• ☑ Fixing bugs and submitting pull requests
• ☑ Improving documentation
• ☑ Suggesting or adding new features

🔶 License

This project is licensed under the MIT License.